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  • Further Information

    Statistics Insights: Inflation is an interactive publication produced by the European Central Bank and the national central banks of the Eurosystem. The publication aims to make it easier to understand, use and compare euro area and national statistics. It presents the statistics visually, catering for colour blindness, uses reader-friendly terms, is digitally reusable via the embed function and is available in 23 EU languages.

    Information on data

    The data are updated in real time and available from the Statistical Data Warehouse.

    The inflation data are produced by Eurostat, together with the national statistical institutes, and are available here.

    The data for the second chart in Section 3.1 and the charts in Section 3.2 are produced by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs and are available here.

    Disclaimer

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the work and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction (with the exception of the personal inflation calculator that cannot be used for any commercial purpose, including distributing, sublicensing and/or selling copies of original or modified code), including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions.

    The software is provided “as is”, without warranty of any kind.

    In no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with the Software or the use of or other dealings in the Software.

    The Software is built upon and made available by Eurostat and Lietuvos bankas. See also the Eurostat Disclaimer and the Terms of use of Lietuvos bankas.

    The ECB/Eurostat/Lietuvos bankas take no responsibility for any replication of the content of the Software, or any other form of redistribution.

    Cover photo © monticello, Xsandra, guenterguni, Rost-9D, scanrail, SergeiKorolko/iStock

    Chapter 2.2 photo “Antique refrigerator” © jgroup/iStock

    Chapter 2.2 photo “Modern household refrigerator with control display” © Grassetto/iStock

    The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is committed to providing its statistics free of charge as a public good of high quality irrespective of any subsequent commercial or non-commercial use. All publicly available ESCB statistics may be reused free of charge on the condition that the source is quoted (e.g. “Source: euro area statistics”) and that the statistics (including metadata) are not modified.

     The Eurosystem

    Nationale Bank van België/Banque Nationale de Belgique

    Deutsche Bundesbank

    Eesti Pank

    Central Bank of Ireland

    Bank of Greece

    Banco de España

    Banque de France

    Banca d’Italia

    Central Bank of Cyprus

    Latvijas Banka

    Lietuvos bankas

    Banque centrale du Luxembourg

    Bank Ċentrali ta’ Malta/Central Bank of Malta

    De Nederlandsche Bank

    Oesterreichische Nationalbank

    Banco de Portugal

    Banka Slovenije

    Národná banka Slovenska

    Suomen Pankki – Finlands Bank

Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
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  • Home
  • 1. What is inflation?
    • 1.1 What is meant by inflation?
    • 1.2 Inflation across countries
    • 1.3 Inflation over time
  • 2. How is inflation measured?
    • 2.1 The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices
    • 2.2 How are prices collected?
  • 3. Officially measured inflation and perceived inflation
    •  3.1 Why does perceived inflation differ from officially measured inflation?
    • 3.2 Inflation perceptions are normally higher than measured inflation
  • 4. Personal inflation calculator
  • Information
  • Further Information

    Statistics Insights: Inflation is an interactive publication produced by the European Central Bank and the national central banks of the Eurosystem. The publication aims to make it easier to understand, use and compare euro area and national statistics. It presents the statistics visually, catering for colour blindness, uses reader-friendly terms, is digitally reusable via the embed function and is available in 23 EU languages.

    Information on data

    The data are updated in real time and available from the Statistical Data Warehouse.

    The inflation data are produced by Eurostat, together with the national statistical institutes, and are available here.

    The data for the second chart in Section 3.1 and the charts in Section 3.2 are produced by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs and are available here.

    Disclaimer

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the work and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction (with the exception of the personal inflation calculator that cannot be used for any commercial purpose, including distributing, sublicensing and/or selling copies of original or modified code), including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions.

    The software is provided “as is”, without warranty of any kind.

    In no event shall the authors or copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with the Software or the use of or other dealings in the Software.

    The Software is built upon and made available by Eurostat and Lietuvos bankas. See also the Eurostat Disclaimer and the Terms of use of Lietuvos bankas.

    The ECB/Eurostat/Lietuvos bankas take no responsibility for any replication of the content of the Software, or any other form of redistribution.

    Cover photo © monticello, Xsandra, guenterguni, Rost-9D, scanrail, SergeiKorolko/iStock

    Chapter 2.2 photo “Antique refrigerator” © jgroup/iStock

    Chapter 2.2 photo “Modern household refrigerator with control display” © Grassetto/iStock

    The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is committed to providing its statistics free of charge as a public good of high quality irrespective of any subsequent commercial or non-commercial use. All publicly available ESCB statistics may be reused free of charge on the condition that the source is quoted (e.g. “Source: euro area statistics”) and that the statistics (including metadata) are not modified.

     The Eurosystem

    Nationale Bank van België/Banque Nationale de Belgique

    Deutsche Bundesbank

    Eesti Pank

    Central Bank of Ireland

    Bank of Greece

    Banco de España

    Banque de France

    Banca d’Italia

    Central Bank of Cyprus

    Latvijas Banka

    Lietuvos bankas

    Banque centrale du Luxembourg

    Bank Ċentrali ta’ Malta/Central Bank of Malta

    De Nederlandsche Bank

    Oesterreichische Nationalbank

    Banco de Portugal

    Banka Slovenije

    Národná banka Slovenska

    Suomen Pankki – Finlands Bank